Separation anxiety in dogs is a behavioural disorder that is expressed by signs of distress when the dog is separated from its owners. Among other things, these anxious dogs may destroy objects or even part of the furniture, vocalize or bark excessively, become unclean, hypersalivate or lick excessively.
When owners are present, these dogs are often very cuddly, are always with their owner and constantly ask for attention. When walking, these are dogs that do not stray too far from their owners and always need visual contact with them.
Separation anxiety is more common in dogs that have had more than one family, but also in puppies in general. As soon as they arrive in a new home, the puppy quickly becomes attached to one or more individuals. Owners often make the mistake of giving the puppy a lot of attention and never leaving it alone. However, this can have consequences on future life with their puppy who will then not be able to achieve the detachment necessary for his independence.
Fortunately, we can help a dog improve or reduce his separation anxiety. For example, you can leave a little music or the television on when the animal is left alone. Then, by modifying arrival and departure behaviours or rituals, owners can greatly help their anxious pet. In fact, when the owner leaves, he must avoid reassuring his dog too much or talking to him, because this ritual makes the dog even more anxious because he will quickly understand that all these signs precede the departure of his owner. Similarly, when returning, he should avoid going to see his dog quickly to reassure him, which, in the long run, will reduce the intensity of the emotions linked to returns. So, before you leave, you should ignore your dog for a good half hour, and you should do the same when you return. You can also, without leaving, play with your keys or put your outdoor clothes inside so that these gestures are no longer always associated with departures.
Also, if the dog has caused damage, you should avoid scolding him. You should know that a dog understands that he has done something wrong when he is corrected immediately. Correcting him two hours later does nothing and only reinforces his anxiety. So, when you come home, you have to stay calm, ignore the dog, and wait for it to calm down before turning your attention to it.
Finally, try not to systematically respond to the dog's requests or cries when he wants your attention. When he is calm, then call him to play or pet him. Try not to have him always behind you and sometimes send him to his crate/bed so he is not in the same room as you.
If behavioural issues persist despite your efforts, a visit to the veterinarian is essential. Your vet can offer personalized behavioural therapy, possibly with medications to reduce anxiety, making it easier for your dog to accept changes or be without its owner. This combination can significantly improve learning and behaviour modification.
Written by: Dr. Karine Barry